TPT wiki

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====== Linux basics tasks ======
===== Intro =====
__First commands:__
 
**ls: (list)**
 Show the files that are in the folder where you are.

**mkdir: (make directory)**
 Create a folder within the file that we are.

**cd: (change directory)**
 It can make you move between directories, so you can move around the entire linux file system.
 To move, you just have to put the directory where you want to go to enter, to exit, we will have to put ".." after cd.
 
Example:
   cd "directory"
   cd ".."

**ls -a**
 There are hidden files so that not everyone is within reach of them, but we are not all the world, so with this command, it shows ALL the files that are inside the directory that we want to see.

**pwd: (print working directory)**
 It allows you to see the entire address of the directory that you are.


===== Task =====

 Create on the desktop a folder called "Potato_1" inside it we will create another folder called "Potato_2" and inside it, "Potato_3"

You can use the "pwd" or "ls -a" command to see the address of the directory.

**touch**
 Create a file

**cp: (copy)**
 It allows copying files and directories from one site to another.

Example:
   cp "origen" "destination"

**mv: (move)**
 It allows moving files and directories from one site to another.

Example:
   mv "origen" "destination"

**rm (remove), rmdir (remove directory)**
 You can delete files or directories.

Example:
   rm "file"
   rm "carpet"

**clear: (clear screen)**
 With this command you can clean the terminal window.

**cat: (concatenate)**
 You can see what is inside a file, so you can see the content.

**less**
 The command less writes the contents of a file onto the screen a page at a time.

**head**
 The head command writes the first ten lines of a file to the screen.

**tail**
The head command writes the first ten lines of a file to the screen.

Examples:
   tail -n 20 "file" (will show you the last 20 lines of the file)

**grep**
 It searches files for specified words or patterns.

**wc**
 To do a word count

**cut**
 To cut a words or patterns.

Example:
   cut 3 "file" (cut from the third letter)
   cut 2-7 "file" (take the letters from positions 2 to 7)


===== Task =====

 Create folder1 with a text file inside, copy the same folder with another name for example folder2, and delete folder1.

 Create a file with this message "I want to eat hamburgers with potatoes. I like them" and u need to take only the "I like them". Use the commands you have learned.

 We go to the root folder, and inside etc, we look for all the folders that have the name "hosts" 

Optional:

 Create a script, which when executed, will print the result directly from having searched for "hosts"
 The name for the script is script1.sh

===== Redirection =====

**cat**
 If you use the cat command, without specifying any site, you can write in it, it will return what you are saying.

(to exit you will have to press the ctrl + d)

===== Redirecting the Output=====

 We use the > symbol to redirect the output of a command.

Example:
   cat > potato
   (now you write what you want and when you finish press ctrl + d)
   what you have written in the potato file will be printed
   
===== Task =====

Use the cat command to create a file (for example list1) where you keep the name of about 3 fruits.

===== Appending to a file =====

We use the symbol >> to add more elements to the file list without deleting the previous ones.

===== Task =====

 Add 3 more fruits to list1 and create another file called list2 where you put another 4 fruits.
 
 Now you will have to join all the fruits in a file called biglist only using the commands that you have learned.

===== Redirecting the Input =====

**sort**

The command sort alphabetically or numerically sorts a list.

===== Task =====

 Use the sort command to sort alphabetically the fruits that you have put in biglist, once you have it, save the result in another file called sortbiglist

===== Wildcards =====

The character * is called a wildcard, and will match against none or more character(s) in a file (or directory) name. For example, in your unixstuff directory, type

   ls list*

This will list all files in the current directory starting with list....

Try typing

   ls *list

This will list all files in the current directory ending with ....list